![]() ![]() MRI is insensitive to fractures and it is often frightening how difficult it is to visualize fractures even when they are prominent and already known about on CT. dural tears leading to CSF leak and intracranial hypotension.underlying cerebral hemorrhagic contusions.extension through cranial nerve foramina or canals with neural damage.arterial dissection, occlusion or rupture.Examples of soft tissue injuries include: When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. basilar skull fractures (BSFs) and normal neurologic findings, including computed tomography (CT) scans without intracranial injury, and to assess the need for. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. They need to be distinguished from normal sutures, which have corticated margins that fractures lack. It is essential that a bone algorithm is used if undisplaced fractures are to be visualized.įractures will appear as discontinuities in the bone and may or may not be displaced. Furthermore, it is obtained at the same time as the brain is imaged.ĬT of the skull should be obtained volumetrically with small (<1 mm) voxels and be able to be reconstructed in multiple planes. Not only is CT sensitive to the detection fractures but it is also able to exquisitely characterize their extent and allow for surgical planning. Skull fractures are best imaged with CT of the brain. They are no longer recommended to assess head injuries unless as part of a skeletal survey for a suspected non-accidental injury of a child 5. ![]() In view of the low accuracy of these signs, resulting low clinical value of their presence, and their high sensitivity in the late stage, the study results contraindicate the value of BSF signs for making decisions about using the nasal route for the introduction of catheters and tubes in initial trauma care.Plain radiographs have a limited role and are superseded by CT scans. 041) and Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale–Head region ( p =. However, the presence of these signs was correlated to head injury severity, indicated by the Glasgow Coma Scale ( p =. 30.5%), and positive predictive value (25.7% vs. The clinical signs for the early or late detection of BSF had low accuracy (55.9% vs. Among the 136 enrolled patients (85.3% male mean age 40 ± 21.4 years), 28 patients (20.6%) had BSF. The following signs of BSF were considered: raccoon eyes, Battle's sign, otorrhea, and rhinorrhea. We conducted a prospectively designed follow-up study at a referral hospital for trauma care in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and performed structured observations for 48 hr post-blunt head injury in patients aged 12 years or older. Battle’s sign is primarily caused by a type of serious head injury called a basilar skull fracture, or basal fracture. We aimed to assess the performance of early and late (within 48 hr posttrauma) signs for BSF diagnosis and to verify the correlation between the presence of these signs and head injury severity. Although clinical signs for the diagnosis of basilar skull fracture (BSF) are ambiguous, they are widely used to make decisions on initial interventions involving trauma patients. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |